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Anderson, B. M. & Allmon, W. D. (2023). Phylogeny and systematics of fossil and Recent Vermicularia (Caenogastropoda: Turritellidae). Malacologia. 66(1-2): 1-60.
479782
10.4002/040.066.0101 [view]
Anderson, B. M. & Allmon, W. D.
2023
Phylogeny and systematics of fossil and Recent <i>Vermicularia</i> (Caenogastropoda: Turritellidae)
Malacologia
66(1-2): 1-60
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Vermicularia Lamarck, 1799 is a clade of Miocene–Recent gastropods with an unusual uncoiled shell morphology. Like other “worm-snails,” they are taxonomically troublesome, and although earlier work affirmed the turritellid affinity of one species, their systematic relationships have not otherwise been previously examined. Here, we present a molecular phylogeny of turritellids, including members of other previously named genera [Mesalia Gray, 1847; Zaria Gray, 1847; Torcula Gray, 1847; Protomella Thiele, 1929; Maoricolpus Finlay, 1926; and the recently named Turritellinella Harzhauser & Landau, 2019, represented by Turritellinella tricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) = “Turritella communis” Risso, 1826], to establish the monophyly of Vermicularia and determine higher level relationships. We provide a revised taxonomy with detailed diagnoses for all known living and fossil species of Vermicularia, including the synonymy of Vermicularia lumbricalis (Linnaeus, 1758) and the commonly used junior synonym Vermicularia knorrii (Deshayes, 1843). The new Miocene–Pliocene species Vermicularia katiae n. sp. is described from the Dominican Republic. The phylogenetic relationships within living and fossil Vermicularia are also established based on morphological characters and with close outgroup turritelliform species chosen based on the molecular phylogeny. Callostracum gracile (Maltzan, 1883) was found to be well nested among the other species and is reassigned to Vermicularia herein as Vermicularia gracilis (Maltzan, 1883). The reconstructed phylogeny indicates that new species arose via cladogenesis much more frequently than by anagenesis, with most lineages originating in the Pliocene, but prior to the complete closure of the Central American Seaway ∼ 3.5 million years ago.
Paleontology, Fossils, Paleobiology
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Serpula lumbricalis Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Vermicularia lumbricalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (subsequent type designation)
Vermetus (Vermicularia) pseudoturritella O. Boettger, 1906 † accepted as Vermicularia milleti (Deshayes, 1850) † (source of synonymy)
Vermetus bicarinatus Deshayes, 1843 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus carinatus M. Hörnes, 1856 † accepted as Vermicularia milleti (Deshayes, 1850) † (source of synonymy)
Vermetus carolinensis Conrad, 1863 † (status source)
Vermetus eburneus Reeve, 1842 accepted as Vermicularia pellucida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus fewkesi L. G. Yates, 1890 accepted as Vermicularia pellucida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus indicus Rousseau, 1844 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (status source)
Vermetus knorrii Deshayes, 1843 accepted as Vermicularia lumbricalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus quadrangulus R. A. Philippi, 1848 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus radicula W. Stimpson, 1851 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (source of synonymy)
Vermicularia Lamarck, 1799 (taxonomy source)
Vermicularia bathyalis Petuch, 2002 (status source)
Vermicularia costalis (Lamarck, 1818) (status source)
Vermicularia costalis (Rousseau, 1844) (status source)
Vermicularia fargoi Olsson, 1951 (status source)
Vermicularia fargoi fargoi Olsson, 1951 (status source)
Vermicularia fargoi owensi Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014 (status source)
Vermicularia frisbeyae J. H. McLean, 1970 (basis of record)
Vermicularia gracilis (Maltzan, 1883) (new combination reference)
Vermicularia hindsii (J. E. Gray, 1850) (status source)
Vermicularia katiae B. M. Anderson, 2023 † (original description)
Vermicularia lumbricalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (basis of record)
Vermicularia milleti (Deshayes, 1850) † (additional source)
Vermicularia pellucida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) (basis of record)
Vermicularia recta Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (basis of record)
Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (basis of record)
Vermicularia tenuis (Rousseau, 1843) (status source)
Vermicularia tortuosa ([Lightfoot], 1786) (status source)
Vermicularia trilineata (Guppy, 1867) † accepted as Vermicularia weberi Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (status source)
Vermicularia weberi Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (basis of record)
Vermicularia woodringi Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (basis of record)
Vermiculariinae Dall, 1913 accepted as Turritellinae Lovén, 1847 (source of synonymy)
Vermetus (Vermicularia) pseudoturritella O. Boettger, 1906 † accepted as Vermicularia milleti (Deshayes, 1850) † (source of synonymy)
Vermetus bicarinatus Deshayes, 1843 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus carinatus M. Hörnes, 1856 † accepted as Vermicularia milleti (Deshayes, 1850) † (source of synonymy)
Vermetus carolinensis Conrad, 1863 † (status source)
Vermetus eburneus Reeve, 1842 accepted as Vermicularia pellucida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus fewkesi L. G. Yates, 1890 accepted as Vermicularia pellucida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus indicus Rousseau, 1844 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (status source)
Vermetus knorrii Deshayes, 1843 accepted as Vermicularia lumbricalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus quadrangulus R. A. Philippi, 1848 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (source of synonymy)
Vermetus radicula W. Stimpson, 1851 accepted as Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (source of synonymy)
Vermicularia Lamarck, 1799 (taxonomy source)
Vermicularia bathyalis Petuch, 2002 (status source)
Vermicularia costalis (Lamarck, 1818) (status source)
Vermicularia costalis (Rousseau, 1844) (status source)
Vermicularia fargoi Olsson, 1951 (status source)
Vermicularia fargoi fargoi Olsson, 1951 (status source)
Vermicularia fargoi owensi Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014 (status source)
Vermicularia frisbeyae J. H. McLean, 1970 (basis of record)
Vermicularia gracilis (Maltzan, 1883) (new combination reference)
Vermicularia hindsii (J. E. Gray, 1850) (status source)
Vermicularia katiae B. M. Anderson, 2023 † (original description)
Vermicularia lumbricalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (basis of record)
Vermicularia milleti (Deshayes, 1850) † (additional source)
Vermicularia pellucida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) (basis of record)
Vermicularia recta Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (basis of record)
Vermicularia spirata (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (basis of record)
Vermicularia tenuis (Rousseau, 1843) (status source)
Vermicularia tortuosa ([Lightfoot], 1786) (status source)
Vermicularia trilineata (Guppy, 1867) † accepted as Vermicularia weberi Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (status source)
Vermicularia weberi Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (basis of record)
Vermicularia woodringi Olsson & Harbison, 1953 † (basis of record)
Vermiculariinae Dall, 1913 accepted as Turritellinae Lovén, 1847 (source of synonymy)
Dominican Republic for Vermicularia katiae B. M. Anderson, 2023 †
Hawaii for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
Jamaica for Vermicularia katiae B. M. Anderson, 2023 †
Midway Atoll for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
Papua New Guinean part of the Bismarck Sea for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
Philippines Exclusive Economic Zone for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
Hawaii for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
Jamaica for Vermicularia katiae B. M. Anderson, 2023 †
Midway Atoll for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
Papua New Guinean part of the Bismarck Sea for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
Philippines Exclusive Economic Zone for Thordisa albomacula J. M. Chan & Gosliner, 2007
